A Level Biology Practice Exam

During which phase of meiosis does independent assortment occur?

1. Prophase 1

2. Metaphase 1 and Metaphase 2

3. Telophase 2

4. Interphase

The correct answer is: Metaphase 1 and Metaphase 2

Independent assortment occurs during Metaphase I of meiosis. During this phase, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up along the metaphase plate. The orientation of each homologous pair is randomly arranged, which means that the maternal or paternal chromosome can be oriented toward either pole of the cell. This randomness in alignment leads to the independent assortment of chromosomes into gametes, resulting in genetic variation. While Metaphase II does also involve the arrangement of chromosomes, the principle of independent assortment is primarily established in Metaphase I. Other phases like Prophase I involve processes such as crossing over, and Telophase II is focused on the separation of sister chromatids, which has already been influenced by the arrangement during earlier phases. Interphase is a preparatory stage that does not involve sorting or separating chromosomes at all.